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eBay 35mm Slide JP015 1962, Garden and Pond at Gold Pavilion, Kyoto Japan Color Transparency Upon purchase the winning bidder may request a high resolution (approximately 2000 x 3000 pixels) scan of this image Kinkaku-ji (金閣寺?, literally “Temple of the Golden Pavilion”), officially named Rokuon-ji (鹿苑寺?, literally “Deer Garden Temple”), is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan.[2] It is one of the most popular buildings in Japan, attracting a large number of visitors annually.[3] It is designated as a National Special Historic Site and a National Special Landscape, and it is one of 17 locations making up the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto which are World Heritage Sites.[4] History[edit] The site of Kinkaku-ji was originally a villa called Kitayama-dai (北山第), belonging to a powerful statesman, Saionji Kintsune.[5] Kinkaku-ji’s history dates to 1397, when the villa was purchased from the Saionji family by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and transformed into the Kinkaku-ji complex.[5] When Yoshimitsu died, the building was converted into a Zen temple by his son, according to his wishes.[3][6] During the Onin war (1467–1477), all of the buildings in the complex aside from the pavilion were burned down.[5] On July 2, 1950, at 2:30 am, the pavilion was burned down by a 22-year-old novice monk, Hayashi Yoken, who then attempted suicide on the Daimon-ji hill behind the building. He survived, and was subsequently taken into custody. The monk was sentenced to seven years in prison, but was released because of mental illnesses (persecution complex and schizophrenia) on September 29, 1955; he died of tuberculosis in March, 1956.[7] During the fire, the original statue of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was lost to the flames (now restored). A fictionalized version of these events is at the center of Yukio Mishima’s 1956 book The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.[2] The present pavilion structure dates from 1955, when it was rebuilt.[2] The pavilion is three stories high, approximately 12.5 meters in height.[8] The reconstruction is said to be a copy close to the original, although some doubt such an extensive gold-leaf coating was used on the original structure.[3] In 1984, the coating of Japanese lacquer was found a little decayed, and a new coating as well as gilding with gold-leaf, much thicker than the original coatings (0.5 µm instead of 0.1 µm), was completed in 1987. Additionally, the interior of the building, including the paintings and Yoshimitsu’s statue, were also restored. Finally, the roof was restored in 2003. The name Kinkaku is derived from the gold leaf that the pavilion is covered in. Gold was an important addition to the pavilion because of its underlying meaning. The gold employed was to mitigate and purify any pollution or negative thoughts and feelings towards death.[9] Other than the symbolic meaning behind the gold leaf, the Muromachi period heavily relied on visual excesses.[10] With the focus on the Golden Pavilion, how the structure is mainly covered in that material, creates an impression that stands out because of the sunlight reflecting and the effect the reflection creates on the pond. Design details[edit] The Golden Pavilion (金閣 Kinkaku?) is a three-story building on the grounds of the Rokuon-ji temple complex.[11] The top two stories of the pavilion are covered with pure gold leaf.[11] The pavilion functions as a shariden (舎利殿), housing relics of the Buddha (Buddha’s Ashes). The building was an important model for Ginkaku-ji (Silver Pavilion Temple), and Shōkoku-ji, which are also located in Kyoto.[2]When these buildings were constructed, Ashikaga Yoshimasa employed the styles used at Kinkaku-ji and even borrowed the names of its second and third floors.[2] Architectural design[edit] The pavilion successfully incorporates three distinct styles of architecture which are shinden, samurai, and zen, specifically on each floor.[8] Each floor of the Kinkaku uses a different architectural style.[2] The first floor, called The Chamber of Dharma Waters (法水院, Hou-sui-in), is rendered in shinden-zukuri style, reminiscent of the residential style of the 11th century Heian imperial aristocracy.[2] It is evocative of the Shinden palace style. It is designed as an open space with adjacent verandas and uses natural, unpainted wood and white plaster.[8] This helps to emphasize the surrounding landscape. The walls and fenestration also affect the views from inside the pavilion. Most of the walls are made of shutters that can vary the amount of light and air into the pavilion[8] and change the view by controlling the shutters’ heights. The second floor, called The Tower of Sound Waves (潮音洞, Chou-on-dou ),[2] is built in the style of warrior aristocrats, or buke-zukuri. On this floor, sliding wood doors and latticed windows create a feeling of impermanence. The second floor also contains a Buddha Hall and a shrine dedicated to the goddess of mercy, Kannon.[8] The third floor is built in traditional Chinese chán (Jpn. zen) style, also known as zenshū-butsuden-zukuri. It is called the Cupola of the Ultimate (究竟頂, Kukkyou-chou). The zen typology depicts a more religious ambiance in the pavilion, as was popular during the Muromachi period.[8] The roof is in a thatched pyramid with shingles.[12] The building is topped with a bronze phoenix (phoenix) ornament.[11] From the outside, viewers can see gold plating added to the upper stories of the pavilion. The gold leaf covering the upper stories hints at what is housed inside: the shrines.[9] The outside is a reflection of the inside. The elements of nature, death, religion, are formed together to create this connection between the pavilion and outside intrusions. Garden design[edit] The Golden Pavilion is set in a magnificent Japanese strolling garden (回遊式庭園 kaiyū-shiki-teien?, lit. a landscape garden in the go-round style).[6] The location implements the idea of borrowing of scenery (“shakkei”) that integrates the outside and the inside, creating an extension of the views surrounding the pavilion and connecting it with the outside world. The pavilion extends over a pond, called Kyōko-chi (鏡湖池 Mirror Pond?), that reflects the building.[5] The pond contains 10 smaller islands.[8] The zen typology is seen through the rock composition, the bridges, and plants are arranged in a specific way to represent famous places in Chinese and Japanese literature.[8] Vantage points and focal points were established because of the strategic placement of the pavilion to view the gardens surrounding the pavilion.[10] A small fishing deck (釣殿 tsuri-dono?) is attached to the rear of the pavilion building, allowing a small boat to be moored under it.[5] The pavilion grounds were built according to descriptions of the Western Paradise of the Buddha Amida, intending to illustrate a harmony between heaven and earth.[6] The largest islet in the pond represents the Japanese islands.[5] The four stones forming a straight line in the pond near the pavilion are intended to represent sailboats anchored at night, bound for the Isle of Eternal Life in Chinese mythology.[5] The garden complex is an excellent example of Muromachi period garden design.[11] The Muromachi period is considered to be a classical age of Japanese garden design.[10] The correlation between buildings and its settings were greatly emphasized during this period.[10] It was a way to integrate the structure within the landscape in an artistic way. The garden designs were characterized by a reduction in scale, a more central purpose, and a distinct setting.[13] A minimalistic approach was brought to the garden design, by recreating larger landscapes in a smaller scale around a structure. Japan (Japanese: 日本 Nippon [nip̚põ̞ɴ] or Nihon [nihõ̞ɴ]; formally 日本国 Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, means “State of Japan”) is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. The kanji that make up Japan’s name mean “sun origin”. 日 reads as ni or nichi means sun and 本 reads as hon, pon or ppon means based or origin. By the kanji which make up the Japan’s name, Japan is often called with the famous ephitet as the “Land of the Rising Sun”. Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago and consisting about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan’s land area and oftenly referred as home islands. The country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido beings the northernnmost prefecture and Okinawa beings the southernmost one. The population of 127 million is the world’s tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98.5% of Japan’s total population. Approximately 9.1 million people live in the core city of Tokyo,[17] the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, particularly from Western Europe, has characterized Japan’s history. From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a long period of isolation in the early 17th century, which was ended in 1853 when a United States fleet pressured Japan to open to the West. After nearly two decades of internal conflict and insurrection, the Imperial Court regained its political power in 1868 through the help of several clans from Chōshū and Satsuma, and the Empire of Japan was established. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victories in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the surrender. Since adopting its revised constitution on May 3, 1947 in the occupied by the SCAP, Japan has maintained a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with an Emperor and an elected legislature called the National Diet. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, and the G20 and is considered a great power.[18][19][20] The country has the world’s third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the world’s fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the world’s fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most highly educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree.[21] Although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the world’s eighth largest military budget,[22] used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a developed country with a very high standard of living and Human Development Index whose population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality in the world.[23][24] Please feel free to ask any questions before the bidding is over. The winning bidder must pay for their items within three days of the close of the auction or send email me if there is a problem with paying on time. International buyers are welcome. Shipping charges will be calculated upon purchase. Local pickup is welcome. If the payment for an item is not received in three days, the item may be offered to the second highest bidder, or it may be auctioned again. Visa and MasterCard are accepted through Paypal. Pennsylvania residents please add 6% sales. Visit us at our store! [link removed by eBay] Please consider liking a new Facebook page about collecting photographs. Facebook/CollectingPhotos Powered by eBay Turbo Lister The free listing tool. List your items fast and easy and manage your active items. Pay shipping for one winning item and the rest ship free! Upon notification of items being sold I will issue a revised invoice or issue a co
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